The 'National System of Innovation' in Historical Perspective

Chris Freeman

Cambridge Journal of Economics, 1995, vol. 19, issue 1, 5-24

Abstract: Contrary to some recent work on so-called 'globalization,' this paper argues that national and regional systems of innovation remain an essential domain of economic analysis. Their importance derives from the networks of relationships that are necessary for any firm to innovate. While external international connections are certainly of growing importance, the influence of the national education system, industrial relations, technical and scientific institutions, government policies, cultural traditions and many other national institutions is fundamental. The historical examples of Germany, Japan, and the former U.S.S.R. illustrate this point, as well as the more recent contrast between East Asian and Latin American countries. (c) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. Copyright 1995 by Oxford University Press.

Date: 1995
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