The Detrimental Consequences of Overestimating Future Health in Late Life

Jeremy M Hamm, Stefan T Kamin, Judith G Chipperfield, Raymond P Perry and Frieder R Lang

The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 2019, vol. 74, issue 3, 373-381

Abstract: ObjectivesAlthough forecasting a positive future can be adaptive, it may not be when expectations are unmet. Our study examined whether such inaccurate expectations about future health status (overestimation) were maladaptive for older adults who commonly experience late life declines in physical functioning.MethodWe analyzed data from the nationally representative German Aging Survey (DEAS; 1996–2011; n = 2,539; age range 60–85 years) using multilevel growth models that assessed the influence of inaccurate health expectations on older adults’ physical functioning over a 9-year period.ResultsOverestimating future health status predicted reduced day-to-day physical functioning when age, gender, and self-rated health were controlled. A Time × Overestimation interaction indicated that the negative effects of overestimation on physical functioning became more pronounced over the 9-year period.DiscussionResults suggest that repeatedly unmet health expectations may undermine motivational resources and accelerate late life declines in physical functioning.

Keywords: Expectation accuracy; Health; Perceived control; Physical functioning (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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The Journals of Gerontology: Series B is currently edited by Psychological Sciences - S. Duke Han, PhD and Social Sciences - Jessica A Kelley, PhD, FGSA

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