Pay gaps in the National Health Service: Gender and sexuality

Karen Ann Mumford, Edith Aguirre, Anna Einarsdöttir, Bridget Lockyer, Melisa Sayli and Benjamin Arthur Smith

PLOS ONE, 2026, vol. 21, issue 3, 1-18

Abstract: Studies investigating the relationship between gender, sexual identity and pay have increased in number and scope over the last three decades, enabling a greater understanding of the outcomes facing LGB+ workers in the labour market. Pay gap studies that also allow for the disclosure of sexual identity in the workplace are, however, very rare. Using a rich survey of employees from the National Health Service in England, this article considers the relationship between relative pay, LGB+ identity, and disclosure for both men and women. While the findings reveal substantial heterogeneity within the LGB + , disclosure is shown to be related to higher pay from larger returns on the endowments of LGB+ employees (men or women), especially so for men.

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0342384

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0342384

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