Obchodně-politické překážky vývozu zboží z Evropské unie do USA: význam liberalizace obchodních toků

Trade Policy Barriers to Imports of EU Goods to the USA: Importance of Liberalization of Trade Flows

Milan Bednář

Politická ekonomie, 2019, vol. 2019, issue 3, 231-252

Abstract: The paper deals with effects of trade liberalization of EU goods exports to the USA. Despite the current protectionist tendencies of US President Donald Trump, the USA is strongly motivated to promote a deeper trade liberalization in the longer horizon, further strengthening bilateral trade flows, increasing economic efficiency, and thus contributing to the growth of both economies. The primary objective is to evaluate a hypothesis which states that reducing political trade barriers could notably increase the flows. We use gravity models and our own constructed non-tariff trade barrier time series based on tens of thousands of values for EU-28 countries in relation to the USA between 1995-2014. The data are obtained from an analysis of US legislature, in contrast to previous studies which used subjective survey data. The secondary goal is to assess whether a substantial reduction of non-tariff barriers is realistic or not, an issue which other researchers have overlooked. The level of bilateral non-tariff barriers imposed by the USA against EU exporters is rather low in the international comparison, a substantial reduction is not a reasonable assumption. We conclude that dealing with non-tariff trade barriers is crucial as it can substantially increase the bilateral trade flows. Even a less optimistic scenario, with a smaller decrease in trade barriers, suggests that the EU goods exports to the USA could be increased by more than 20%.

Keywords: European Union; United States of America; international trade; trade barriers; tariff andnon-tariff barriers; panel data; gravity models; ordinary least squares estimation; Poisson pseudomaximum likelihood estimation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: E60 F10 F40 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1242

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