Power Analysis of Cutoff-Based Randomized Clinical Trials

Joseph C. Cappelleri, Richard B. Darlington and William M.K. Trochim
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Joseph C. Cappelleri: New England Medical Center
Richard B. Darlington: Cornell University
William M.K. Trochim: Cornell University

Evaluation Review, 1994, vol. 18, issue 2, 141-152

Abstract: A cutoff-based randomized clinical trial couples cutoff-based assignment on an appropriate covariate with random assignment to help balance ethical and scientific concerns in certain situations. A statistical power algorithm based on the Fisher Z method is developed that is particular to and inclusive of cutoff-based random clinical trials and the single cutoff-point (regression-discontinuity) design, which has no randomization. This article quantifies power and sample size estimates for varying levels of randomization and cutoff-based assignment. Although more randomization engenders greater statistical power, less randomization requires a much larger increase in sample size for small treatment effects.

Date: 1994
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:evarev:v:18:y:1994:i:2:p:141-152

DOI: 10.1177/0193841X9401800202

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