To the Fifties and Back Again? A Comparative Analysis of Changes in Breadwinning Arrangements during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Four European Countries

Giulia M Dotti Sani, Ariane Bertogg, Janna Besamusca, Mara A Yerkes and Anna Zamberlan
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Giulia M Dotti Sani: University of Milan, Italy
Ariane Bertogg: University of Konstanz, Germany
Janna Besamusca: Utrecht University, the Netherlands
Mara A Yerkes: Utrecht University and Centre for Social Development, the Netherlands; University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Anna Zamberlan: LMU Munich, Germany

Work, Employment & Society, 2025, vol. 39, issue 4, 972-996

Abstract: Over the past decades, opposite-sex couples have moved away from the traditional ‘male breadwinner model’ towards a more egalitarian division of paid work. However, lockdown measures and the closures of schools and childcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic may have challenged egalitarian divisions of paid work, pushing couples into traditional breadwinning arrangements. This study investigates whether opposite-sex couples experienced short- and medium-term relapses into traditional breadwinning arrangements during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regressions models, applied to harmonized data from four country-specific representative longitudinal studies fielded during the pandemic (Varhaiskasvatus (Finland), pairfam (Germany), LISS (the Netherlands), and the UKHLS (the UK)), are used to estimate the probability of shifting into traditional breadwinning arrangements among opposite-sex co-resident partners from different social strata. Results indicate a moderate re-traditionalization of breadwinning arrangements during the COVID-19 pandemic that did not appear to deepen pre-existing social inequalities in couples’ division of paid work.

Keywords: breadwinning arrangements; COVID-19 pandemic; division of labour; gender inequality; paid work (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:woemps:v:39:y:2025:i:4:p:972-996

DOI: 10.1177/09500170251322684

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