Global warming impact on confined livestock in buildings: efficacy of adaptation measures to reduce heat stress for growing-fattening pigs

Günther Schauberger (), Christian Mikovits, Werner Zollitsch, Stefan J. Hörtenhuber, Johannes Baumgartner, Knut Niebuhr, Martin Piringer, Werner Knauder, Ivonne Anders, Konrad Andre, Isabel Hennig-Pauka and Martin Schönhart
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Günther Schauberger: University of Veterinary Medicine
Christian Mikovits: University of Veterinary Medicine
Werner Zollitsch: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Stefan J. Hörtenhuber: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Johannes Baumgartner: University of Veterinary Medicine
Knut Niebuhr: University of Veterinary Medicine
Martin Piringer: Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics
Werner Knauder: Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics
Ivonne Anders: Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics
Konrad Andre: Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics
Isabel Hennig-Pauka: University of Veterinary Medicine
Martin Schönhart: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

Climatic Change, 2019, vol. 156, issue 4, No 7, 567-587

Abstract: Abstract Pigs and poultry are raised predominantly at high stocking densities in confined, insulated livestock buildings with mechanical ventilation systems. These systems are quite sensitive to heat stress, which has increased in recent decades from anthropogenic warming. A dataset of hourly meteorological data from 1981 to 2017 was used to drive a steady-state balance model for sensible and latent heat that simulates the indoor climate of a conventional reference system, and this model was used to predict the effect of global warming on growing-fattening pigs housed in such livestock confinement buildings. Seven adaptation measures were selected to investigate the effect on the indoor climate; these measures included three energy-saving air preparation systems, a doubling of the maximum ventilation rate, a reduction in the stocking density, and a shift in the feeding and resting time patterns. The impact of heat stress on animals was calculated with the following three heat stress metrics: a threshold of the indoor temperature, the temperature-humidity index, and a body mass–adapted temperature. The seven adaptation measures were quantified by a reduction in factors of the heat stress parameters. The highest reduction of heat stress in comparison with the conventional reference system was achieved by the three air preparation systems in the range of 54 to 92% for adiabatic systems and 65 to 100% for an earth-air heat exchanger, followed by an increase in the ventilation rate and the time shift. The reduction in the stocking density showed the lowest improvement. In addition to the reduction in the heat stress, a temporal trend over three decades was also used to quantify the resilience of pig confinement systems. The efficacy of some of the adaptation measures is great enough to mitigate the increase of heat stress that occurs due to global warming.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1007/s10584-019-02525-3

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