Climate-resilient food systems for nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa: innovations in sustainable agriculture and policy for vulnerable populations

Chinelo U. Okoye (), Adaeze C. Ani, Chiamaka O. Enechi, Uju M. Onuorah, Sunday Akingbemisola and Adefemi Abidola
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Chinelo U. Okoye: University of Nigeria, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
Adaeze C. Ani: University of Nigeria, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
Chiamaka O. Enechi: University of Nigeria, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
Uju M. Onuorah: University of Nigeria, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
Sunday Akingbemisola: Florida International University, Department of Global and Sociocultural Studies
Adefemi Abidola: Lagos State University, Department of Geography and Planning

Climatic Change, 2025, vol. 178, issue 11, No 15, 20 pages

Abstract: Abstract Background Climate change significantly threatens food and nutrition security, particularly among vulnerable populations in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Although innovations in climate-smart agriculture (CSA) and policy interventions show promise, evidence linking these approaches to nutrition outcomes remains fragmented. This review synthesizes evidence on how climate-resilient agricultural innovations and supportive policy frameworks enhance food and nutrition security among smallholder farmers, women, and children. Methods A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature (2013—2024) was conducted using Web of Science and Google Scholar. Inclusion followed PICOS with an a priori geographic restriction to SSA. Twenty-two empirical studies meeting eligibility criteria were included. Data extraction focused on interventions, populations, outcomes, enablers/barriers, and nutrition-related impacts, followed by a narrative synthesis. Results CSA practices such as conservation agriculture, agroecology, crop diversification, and small-scale irrigation consistently improved dietary diversity, household food security, and economic resilience. Policy instruments like seed subsidies and nutrition-sensitive agriculture programs amplified outcomes when implemented through gender-responsive, multi-sectoral strategies. However, success was moderated by structural inequalities, resource access, and weak policy coherence. Regional differences were notable, with stronger impacts reported in West Africa. Conclusion Integrated, gender-inclusive, and climate-resilient food system approaches are pivotal for advancing SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) in SSA. Future research must prioritize longitudinal, nutrition-sensitive evaluations across underrepresented populations and geographies.

Keywords: Climate-smart agriculture; Nutrition security; Sub-Saharan Africa; Gender inclusion; Resilience (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s10584-025-04055-7

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