Globalisation de facto, Globalisation de jure and CO2 emissions in GCC countries: insights from a panel PMG-ARDL approach

Hamrouni Daghbagi ()
Additional contact information
Hamrouni Daghbagi: Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)

Climatic Change, 2025, vol. 178, issue 7, No 12, 22 pages

Abstract: Abstract Globalisation plays a crucial role in the economic activities of all countries, but it also affects CO2 emissions and pollution. It contributes to CO2 emissions through various channels such as international trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), and other financial and economic activities. In this study, we use the panel Pooled Mean Group-Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) approach to examine the impact of trade and financial globalisation on CO2 emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 2001 to 2021. To differentiate between the tangible effects and the influence of regulatory aspects of globalisation on CO2 emissions, we use two indicators of globalisation: globalisation de facto to understand its direct and tangible effects on CO2 emissions, and globalisation de jure to estimate the indirect effects of policies and regulations. The findings of our study show that both de facto and de jure trade and financial globalisation significantly contribute to long-term CO2 emissions in the GCC countries. These results show that it is important to consider both the tangible and intangible dimensions of globalisation when evaluating its impact on CO2 emissions.

Keywords: CO2 Emissions; Economic globalisation; Financial globalisation; GCC countries; Panel data; ARDL-PMG (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C33 F18 F38 F64 O53 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-025-03975-8 Abstract (text/html)
Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:climat:v:178:y:2025:i:7:d:10.1007_s10584-025-03975-8

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.springer.com/economics/journal/10584

DOI: 10.1007/s10584-025-03975-8

Access Statistics for this article

Climatic Change is currently edited by M. Oppenheimer and G. Yohe

More articles in Climatic Change from Springer
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().