The Asymmetric Impact of War: Resilience, Vulnerability and Implications for EU Policy

Giuseppe Celi, Dario Guarascio, Jelena Reljic, Annamaria Simonazzi and Francesco Zezza

Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, 2022, vol. 57, issue 3, 141-147

Abstract: Abstract In 2019, over 96% of EU27 oil needs, nearly 90% of natural gas and over 43% of solid fuels were met by net imports, with the largest share coming from Russia (35% of oil, 40% of natural gas and 20% of solid fuels consumed in EU27). The decline in the share of oil since 2016 was more than off-set by the increase in gas and solid fuels.

Keywords: F51; O52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1007/s10272-022-1049-2

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