The rise of the “service economy” in the second half of the twentieth century and its energetic contingencies

Ulrich Witt () and Christian Gross
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Ulrich Witt: Max Planck Institute for Science of Human History
Christian Gross: Ministry of Justice & Consumer Protection

Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 2020, vol. 30, issue 2, No 1, 246 pages

Abstract: Abstract The characteristic of the “service economy” is the rise to dominance of the service sector in terms of employment and value added shares. We track this rise during the second half of the twentieth century for the U.S., more precisely the period from 1970 to 2005. Following seminal work by Baumol (1967) the rise is often attributed to growing productivity differentials between the economic sectors. The causes of the productivity differentials are, however, controversial. Inspired by Georgescu-Roegen’s (1971) evolutionary approach to production theory, the present paper explores whether differences in the energetic features of the sectors’ production technologies contribute to the growing sectorial productivity differentials. For the data for our period of analysis it turns out that a close relationship indeed exists between the sectors’ incentives for substituting relatively cheap energy for ever more expensive labor and their labor productivity gains. In highly energy-dependent sectors an increasing energy/labor ratio has been driving productivity growth while this was not the case in the service sector. The paper closes with a short discussion of what the finding may imply for the future of the service economy.

Keywords: Service economy; Sectorial change; Productivity growth; Energy; Employment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D24 E23 O14 Q43 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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DOI: 10.1007/s00191-019-00649-4

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