Reciprocity models revisited: intention factors and reference values

Janna Hinz, Andreas Nicklisch () and Mey-Ling Sommer
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Janna Hinz: University of Hamburg
Andreas Nicklisch: University of Applied Sciences of the Grisons, and Research Unit “Needs based Justice and Distribution Procedures”
Mey-Ling Sommer: Helmut Schmidt University

International Journal of Game Theory, 2024, vol. 53, issue 2, No 3, 299-324

Abstract: Abstract We present a test of the two most established reciprocity models, an intention factor model and a reference value model. We test characteristic elements of each model in a series of twelve mini-ultimatum games. Results from online experiments show major differences between actual behavior and predictions of both models: the distance of actual offers to the proposed reference value provides a poor measure for the kindness of offers, while a comparison of offers with extreme offers as suggested by the intention factor model makes offers indiscriminable in richer settings. We discuss possible combinations of both models better describing our observations.

Keywords: Experiments; Intentions; Mini-ultimatum game; Reference value; Reciprocity models (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C52 C72 C91 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1007/s00182-024-00898-z

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