Wise leaders fostering employees’ speaking up behaviors: developing and validating a measure of leader-expressed practical wisdom

Arménio Rego (), Marcel Meyer, Dálcio Reis Júnior and Miguel Pina e Cunha
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Arménio Rego: Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Porto Business School
Marcel Meyer: Universidad de Navarra
Dálcio Reis Júnior: Sistema Ocepar (Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem do Cooperativismo / Sescoop-PR)
Miguel Pina e Cunha: Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Review of Managerial Science, 2025, vol. 19, issue 1, No 5, 157-195

Abstract: Abstract Practical wisdom, an essential component of leadership, has been approached mainly from a theoretical perspective. While there are barely any empirical studies on leaders’ practical wisdom, quantitative ones are even rarer, and no valid measure of a leader’s practical wisdom exists. Thus, our understanding of whether and how wise leaders influence their followers is limited. Inspired by Thomas Aquinas’ ideas on practical wisdom, we operationalize it as a tridimensional capacity of inquiring, judging, and acting in an emotionally regulated way, and develop and validate a corresponding measure of leader-expressed practical wisdom. To support our operationalization, we test how leader-expressed practical wisdom predicts employees’ speaking up behaviors via their psychological safety. Our rationale is that to make better decisions, wise leaders are receptive to employees’ views that address matters of concern and challenge the status quo with the intention of improving the situation – such a receptiveness being enabled by fostering employees’ psychological safety. Through a two-wave field study, a three-wave field study, and a vignette-based experiment carried out in three countries we obtain empirical support for that three-dimensional construct and show that leader-expressed practical wisdom predicts employees’ speaking up behaviors via their psychological safety.

Keywords: Leader-expressed practical wisdom; Psychological safety; Speaking up behaviors (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s11846-024-00740-6

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