Exchanging and managing in-vitro elite germplasm to combat Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) and Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) in Eastern and Southern Africa

Silver Tumwegamire (), Edward Kanju, James Legg, Rudolph Shirima, Salehe Kombo, Geoffrey Mkamilo, Kiddo Mtunda, Karoline Sichalwe, Heneriko Kulembeka, Innocent Ndyetabura, Haji Saleh, Robert Kawuki, Titus Alicai, Gerald Adiga, Ibrahim Benesi, Albert Mhone, Anabela Zacarias, Sofrimento Fenias Matsimbe, Theresia Munga, Elijah Ateka, Lynet Navangi, Midatharahally Narasegowda Maruthi, Francis Mwatuni, George Ngundo, Maureen Mwangangi, Edward Mbugua, Joseph Ndunguru, Cyprian Rajabu and Deogratius Mark
Additional contact information
Silver Tumwegamire: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
Edward Kanju: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
James Legg: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
Rudolph Shirima: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
Salehe Kombo: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
Geoffrey Mkamilo: Department of Agricultural Research and Development
Kiddo Mtunda: Department of Agricultural Research and Development
Karoline Sichalwe: Department of Agricultural Research and Development
Heneriko Kulembeka: Department of Agricultural Research and Development
Innocent Ndyetabura: Department of Agricultural Research and Development
Haji Saleh: Zanzibar Agricultural Research Institute
Robert Kawuki: National Agricultural Research Organization
Titus Alicai: National Agricultural Research Organization
Gerald Adiga: National Agricultural Research Organization
Ibrahim Benesi: Chitedze Research Station
Albert Mhone: Chitedze Research Station
Anabela Zacarias: Instituto de Investigacao Agraria de Mocambique
Sofrimento Fenias Matsimbe: Instituto de Investigacao Agraria de Mocambique
Theresia Munga: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
Elijah Ateka: Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
Lynet Navangi: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
Midatharahally Narasegowda Maruthi: University of Greenwich
Francis Mwatuni: Plant Quarantine and Biosecurity Station
George Ngundo: Plant Quarantine and Biosecurity Station
Maureen Mwangangi: Plant Quarantine and Biosecurity Station
Edward Mbugua: Genetic Technologies International Limited
Joseph Ndunguru: Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute
Cyprian Rajabu: Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute
Deogratius Mark: Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute

Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, 2018, vol. 10, issue 2, No 10, 368 pages

Abstract: Abstract Cassava varieties resistant to cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) are needed for the food and income security of the rural poor in eastern and southern Africa (ESA). The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture led five national cassava breeding programs (Malawi, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda) in virus-cleaning and exchanging elite cassava germplasm resistant to both diseases. This paper documents the experiences and lessons learned from the process. Thirty-one clones (25 elite, two standard and four national) were submitted by the five breeding programs to the Natural Resources Institute and Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services for virus cleaning and indexing. Subsequently, ca 75 in-vitro virus-indexed plantlets per clone were sent to Genetic Technologies International Limited (GTIL), a private tissue culture (TC) lab in Kenya, and micro-propagated to produce ≥1500 plantlets. After fulfilling all the formal procedures of germplasm exchange between countries ≥300 plantlets per clone were sent to each partner country. National check clones susceptible to CMD/CBSD were sent only to their countries of origin. In each country, the in-vitro plantlets were acclimatized under screen house conditions and transferred to clean isolated sites for field multiplication. All the clones were cleaned of the viruses, except Tomo. The cleaning process was slow for F19-NL, NASE1, and Kibandameno and TC micro-propagation at GTIL was less efficient for Pwani, Tajirika, NASE1, and Okhumelela than for the other clones. Difficulties in cleaning recalcitrant clones affected the timeline for establishing the multi-site evaluation trials in target countries. The initiative is the one of the kind to successfully clean and exchange elite germplasm as a joint action to combat CBSD in ESA. Adequate preparation in terms of infrastructure and personnel are critical to successfully receiving and adapting the indexed in-vitro plants as new germplasm.

Keywords: Exchange; In-vitro; Germplasm; CBSD and CMD (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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DOI: 10.1007/s12571-018-0779-2

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