The effect of COVID-19 on international student credit mobility: a gravity model approach

Giorgio Di Pietro and Adriana Perez-Encinas

Education Economics, 2025, vol. 33, issue 1, 76-92

Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption in education. We employ a gravity model to estimate its impact on international student credit mobility. Data on inbound and outbound students to and from four Spanish universities between the academic years 2017–2018 and 2021–2022 are used. While Covid-19 significantly reduced participation in international mobility programs in the academic year 2020–2021, study abroad numbers bounced back to pre-pandemic levels in the next academic year. Student flows between Spain and non-EU countries have been more negatively affected by Covid-19 than those between Spain and other EU countries. Some differential gender effects are also found.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/09645292.2023.2297151

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