CyberGrid: an IEC61850 protocol-based substation automation virtual cyber range for cybersecurity research in the smart grid

John E. Efiong, Abiodun Akinwale, B. O. Akinyemi, Emmanuel Olajubu and Sola Aderounmu

Cyber-Physical Systems, 2025, vol. 11, issue 1, 47-66

Abstract: A cyber range provides a controlled environment for simulating mission-critical systems for cybersecurity research following the high risks involved in conducting experiments in real-life systems. Existing cyber ranges do not provide close emulation of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in the Smart Grid Networks (SGNs), with emphasis on industry-based proprietary and IED protocols. This paper presents CyberGrid Testbed – a virtual Cyber-Range developed by the CyberSCADA Research Laboratory at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, which emulates Substation Automation processes with IEC61850 and Modbus/TCP protocols and support for MMS, and IED. This was built on OpenPLC6185, simulating Twelve attack patterns, and four attack types.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/23335777.2024.2350004

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