Child Labor and Learning

Patrick M. Emerson, Vladimir Ponczek and André Souza

Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2017, vol. 65, issue 2, 265 - 296

Abstract: This article investigates the impact of working while in school on learning outcomes through the use of a unique micropanel data set of the standardized test scores of Brazilian students. The potential endogeneity of school performance and child work is addressed through the use of fixed-effects estimators. A negative effect of working on learning outcomes in both math and Portuguese is found. The effects of child work range from 5% to 13% of a standard deviation decline in test score, which represents a loss of about one-quarter to three-fifths of an average year of learning. Robustness checks confirm the main conclusions.

Date: 2017
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Related works:
Working Paper: Child labor and learning (2014)
Working Paper: Child labor and learning (2013)
Working Paper: Child Labor and Learning (2013)
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