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The Association between the Volatility of Income and Life Expectancy in the United States

Anna L. Ziff, Emily Wiemers and V. Joseph Hotz

Journal of Labor Economics, 2025, vol. 43, issue S1, S153 - S178

Abstract: We examine the relationship between income volatility and life expectancy in mid-sized US commuting zones between 2006 and 2014. We use a commercial dataset, InfoUSA, to measure income volatility, which we link to estimates of life expectancy by gender, county, race, and income. We find that higher income volatility in a county is associated with lower life expectancy but only at the bottom of the income distribution and primarily for non-Hispanic Whites. Though we cannot extrapolate our findings to individual-level relationships, we do link them to existing literatures on place-based differences in mortality and the relationship between volatility and health.

Date: 2025
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