Uniform Compliance Costs for Mineral Commodities: Who Gains and Who Loses?

Margaret Slade ()

Land Economics, 1996, vol. 72, issue 1, 17-32

Abstract: Changes in energy and nonfuelmineral production, consumption, and net-export revenue that result from environmental protection are estimated by income class and geographic region. Unlike previous assessments of unilateral adoption of standards, I assume that all producers incur equal cleanup costs. Adjustment is therefore accomplished through changes in prices and quantities rather than altered trade patterns. The estimated magnitude of worldwide changes is not large. Moreover, many poor countries are forecast to benefit, since their terms of trade improve. However, the problem of obtaining foreign exchange for investment remains. A financing scheme that divorces efficiency from equity is suggested.

Date: 1996
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