CO₂‐shallow groundwater interaction and related hydrogeochemical mechanisms: A review on reduced‐scale CO2 release field experiments

João Pedro T. Zielinski, Clarissa L. Melo, Rodrigo S. Iglesias and Pedro R. Reginato

Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, 2023, vol. 13, issue 6, 829-859

Abstract: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been highlighted as a crucial technology for reducing carbon emissions, yet CO₂ leakage from the reservoir is still a matter of great public concern, especially because of water pollution reasons. Hence, reduced‐scale CO₂ release experiments have been conducted worldwide to study hydrogeochemical response in shallow groundwaters. Although other reviews have been previously published, this study reviews critical data to establish a geochemical process‐based framework of the scientific findings. Following this, four mechanisms were found to be responsible for hydrogeochemical behavior: (i) ion exchange is mainly responsible for short‐lived increase in Mg, Ca, Ba and Sr concentrations; (ii) sorption and desorption processes were related to heavy metal and trace element variations, seemingly due to the presence of oxyhydroxides and clay minerals; (iii) silicate and carbonate dissolution played different roles as a function of specific aquifer mineralogy, releasing metals or influencing divalent cations response; (iv) conservative, mixing and oxidation processes were pointed out as possible mechanisms regulating variations of Cl⁻, SO₄2⁻ and NO₃⁻. Although studies suggested no parameter exceeded potable limits, most experiments were short‐lived, possibly overlooking the CO₂ leakage response in a long‐term exposure. Hence, further work is still needed specially to support relevant environmental legislation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Date: 2023
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wly:greenh:v:13:y:2023:i:6:p:829-859

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