A novel hybrid approach of gravitational search algorithm and decision tree for twitter spammer detection

Luis Vives (), Gurpreet Singh Tuteja (), A. Sai Manideep (), Sonika Jindal, Navjot Sidhu (), Richa Jindal () and Abhishek Bhatt ()
Additional contact information
Luis Vives: Department of Computer Science, Peruvian University of Applied Sciences, Lima 15023, Peru
Gurpreet Singh Tuteja: Zakir Husain Delhi College (University of Delhi), J. L. Nehru Marg, New Delhi 110002, India
A. Sai Manideep: Department of Management Studies, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
Sonika Jindal: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University, Firozpur, Punjab 152001, India
Navjot Sidhu: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144603, India
Richa Jindal: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144603, India
Abhishek Bhatt: Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, College of Engineering Pune, Maharashtra 411005, India

International Journal of Modern Physics C (IJMPC), 2022, vol. 33, issue 05, 1-23

Abstract: With the increasing popularity of online social networking platforms, the amount of social data has grown exponentially. Social data analysis is essential as spamming activities and spammers are escalating over online social networking platforms. This paper focuses on spammer detection on the Twitter social networking platform. Although existing researchers have developed numerous machine learning methods to detect spammers, these methods are inefficient for appropriately detecting spammers on Twitter due to the imbalance of spam and nonspam data distribution, the involvement of diverse features and the applicability of data mechanisms by spammers to avoid their detection. This research work proposes a novel hybrid approach of the gravitational search algorithm and the decision tree (HGSDT) for detecting Twitter spammers. The individual decision tree (DT) algorithm is not able to address the challenges as it is unstable and ineffective for the higher level of favorable data for a particular attribute. The gravitational search algorithm (GSA) constructs the DTs with improved performance as the gravitational forces act as the information-transferring agents through mass agents. Moreover, the GSA is efficient in handling the data of higher dimensional search space. In the HGSDT approach, the construction of the DT and splitting of nodes are performed with the heuristic function and Newton’s laws. The performance of the proposed HGSDT approach is determined for the Social Honeypot dataset and 1KS-10KN dataset by conducting three different experiments to analyze the impact of training data size, features and spammer ratio. The result of the first experiment shows the need of a higher proportion of training data size, the second experiment signifies the more importance of textual content-based features compared to the other feature categories and the third experiment indicates the requirement of balanced data to attain the effective performance of the proposed approach. The overall performance comparison indicates that the proposed HGSDT approach is superior to the incorporated machine learning methods of DT, support vector machine and back propagation neural network for detecting Twitter spammers.

Keywords: Gravitation; gravitational search algorithm; decision tree; social communication; Twitter spammer detection; computational classification (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1142/S0129183122500607

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