World Bank

Francesco Seatzu

Chapter 17 in Elgar Encyclopedia of International Sanctions, 2025, pp 62-63 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: The World Bank (WB) established its sanctions framework in 1996 to address rising concerns over corruption and fraud in the execution of its funded projects. The initiative aimed to protect development efforts and strengthen governance. This system is modeled similarly to the suspension and debarment procedures in the United States and focuses on addressing misconduct such as fraud and corruption, irrespective of an entity's current status. Over time, the WB's sanctions system has evolved, incorporating investigations and administrative proceedings, with the Integrity Vice Presidency (INT) handling allegations. Despite its effectiveness, questions remain about the balance between enforcing sanctions and respecting basic human rights, especially regarding due process. Proposals for reforming the system continue to emerge, focusing on increasing transparency and ensuring fairness.

Keywords: World Bank; Sanctions framework; Corruption; Fraud; Human rights; Due process; Reform proposals (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
ISBN: 9781035339525
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