From Ant Trails to Pedestrian Dynamics — Learning from Nature

A. Schadschneider, D. Chowdhury and K. Nishinari
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A. Schadschneider: Universität zu Köln, Institut für Theoretische Physik
D. Chowdhury: Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Physics
K. Nishinari: University of Tokyo, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Engineering

A chapter in Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2005, 2007, pp 481-495 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract Many insects like, for example, ants communicate via chemical signals. This process, called chemotaxis, allows them to build large trail systems which have many similarities with human transport networks. In order to investigate the dynamics and spatio-temporal organization of ants on an existing trail system we have proposed a stochastic cellular automaton model. In contrast to the situation in highway traffic, it predicts a non-monotonic speed-density relation. This effect has its origin in the formation of loose clusters, i.e. space regions of enhanced, but not maximal, density. Inspired by the behaviour of ants on their trails, we have also developed a model for pedestrian dynamics. In this approach the interaction between the pedestrians is implemented as “virtual chemotaxis”. In this way all interactions are strictly local and so even large crowds can be simulated very efficiently. In addition, the model is able to reproduce the empirically observed collective effects, e.g. the formation of lanes in counterflow.

Keywords: Cellular Automaton; Cellular Automaton Model; Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process; Fundamental Diagram; Large Crowd (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2007
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-540-47064-9_46

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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-47064-9_46

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