Conflicts at an Exit in Pedestrian Dynamics

Daichi Yanagisawa, Akiyasu Tomoeda and Katsuhiro Nishinari ()
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Daichi Yanagisawa: The University of Tokyo, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, School of Engineering
Akiyasu Tomoeda: The University of Tokyo, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, School of Engineering
Katsuhiro Nishinari: The University of Tokyo, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, School of Engineering

A chapter in Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2008, 2010, pp 491-502 from Springer

Abstract: Summary In this paper, we have detailedly studied the effect of conflicts on the pedestrian outflow through an exit. Pedestrians conflict each other at the exit, which is a bottle neck, when they evacuate from a room. The pedestrian outflow decreases when there are many conflicts. In the floor field model, which is a pedestrian model using cellular automata, the conflicts are taken into account by the friction parameter. However, the friction parameter is a constant and does not depends on the number of the pedestrians conflicting at the same time. We have extended the friction parameter to the friction function, which is a function of the number of the pedestrians involved in the conflict. The results of theoretical analysis using the friction function agree with the experimental results much better than using the friction parameter. We have also found that putting an obstacle in front of the exit increase the pedestrian outflow from our experiments. The friction function clearly explains the mechanism of the effect of the obstacle, i.e., the obstacle blocks a pedestrian moving to the exit and decrease the average number of pedestrians involved in the conflicts.

Keywords: Cellular Automaton; Neighboring Cell; Schematic View; Friction Parameter; Normal Evacuation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2010
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-642-04504-2_41

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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-04504-2_41

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