What is essential is visible to the eye: Saliency in primary school ranking and its effect on academic achievements

Francois-Xavier Ladant, Julien Hedou, Paolo Sestito and Falco J. Bargagli-Stoffi

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Abstract: We propose a new strategy to identify the impact of class rank, exploiting a "visible" primary school rank from teachers' exam grades, and an "invisible" rank from unreported standardized test scores. Leveraging a unique panel dataset on Italian students, we show that the visible rank has a substantial impact on students' perceptions, which affects subsequent academic performance. However, the effect of being surrounded by higher-SES or higher-achieving peers remains positive even accounting for the decrease in rank. Higher-ranked students self-select into high schools with higher average student achievements. Finally, exploiting an extensive survey, we identify psychological mechanisms channeling the rank effect.

Date: 2023-02, Revised 2024-01
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-edu, nep-eur and nep-ure
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