Genuinely Robust Inference for Clustered Data
Harold D. Chiang,
Yuya Sasaki and
Yulong Wang
Papers from arXiv.org
Abstract:
Conventional cluster-robust inference can be inconsistent when data contain clusters of unignorably large size. We formalize this issue by deriving a necessary and sufficient condition for the consistency, and show that this condition is frequently violated in practice: 77% of empirical research articles published in the American Economic Review and Econometrica during 2020-2021 appear not to meet it. To address this limitation, we propose a genuinely robust inference procedure based on a novel cluster score bootstrap. We establish its validity and size control across broad classes of data-generating processes where conventional methods break down. Simulation studies corroborate our theoretical findings, and empirical applications illustrate that employing the proposed method can substantially alter conventional statistical conclusions.
Date: 2023-08, Revised 2025-09
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:arx:papers:2308.10138
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