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Clustering with Potential Multidimensionality: Inference and Practice

Ruonan Xu and Luther Yap

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Abstract: We show how clustering standard errors in one or more dimensions can be justified in M-estimation when there is sampling or assignment uncertainty. Since existing procedures for variance estimation are either conservative or invalid, we propose a variance estimator that refines a conservative procedure and remains valid. We then interpret environments where clustering is frequently employed in empirical work from our design-based perspective and provide insights on their estimands and inference procedures.

Date: 2024-11
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ecm
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