Unveiling Biases in AI: ChatGPT's Political Economy Perspectives and Human Comparisons

Leonardo Becchetti and Nazaria Solferino
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Leonardo Becchetti: University of Tor Vergata
Nazaria Solferino: Universitas Mercatorum

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Abstract: We explore the political and ideological positioning of ChatGPT, a leading large language model (LLM), by comparing its responses to political economy questions from the European Social Survey (ESS). The questions concern environmental sustainability, civil rights, income inequality, and government size. ChatGPT's self-assessed placement on a left-right political spectrum is compared to the ideological stances of individuals providing similar answers in the ESS dataset. Results highlight a significant left-oriented bias in ChatGPT's answers, particularly on environmental and civil rights topics, diverging from its same self-declared center-left stance. These findings underscore the need for transparency in AI systems to prevent potential ideological influences on users. We conclude by discussing the implications for AI governance, debiasing strategies, and educational use.

Date: 2025-03
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