Towards a Formal Framework of the Ethereum Staking Market

No\'e Arnold, Juan Beccuti, Thunj Chantramonklasri, Matthias Hafner and Nicolas Oderbolz

Papers from arXiv.org

Abstract: This paper studies how different categories of Ethereum stakers respond to changes in the consensus issuance schedule and how such changes may impact the composition of the staking market. Our findings show that solo stakers are more sensitive to variations in staking rewards compared to ETH holders using centralized exchanges or liquid staking providers. This heightened sensitivity is not explained by the assumptions on cost structure, which would suggest the opposite, but is instead driven by market dynamics. Factors such as superior MEV access and DeFi yields available to other staking methods, as well as the potential presence of inattentive stakers, contribute to this effect. Consequently, a reduction in issuance is likely to crowd out solo stakers while increasing the market share of centralized entities, further concentrating validator power.

Date: 2025-03
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