Keeping in Place After the Storm-Emergency Assistance and Evictions

Bilal Islah and Ahmed Zoulati

Papers from arXiv.org

Abstract: We offer evidence that federal emergency assistance (FEMA) in the days following natural disasters mitigate evictions in comparison to similar emergency scenarios where FEMA aid is not provided. We find an approximate 16.5% increase in overall evictions after hurricane natural disaster events that increases to 19.7% when excluding ZIP codes that receive FEMA rental assistance. Furthermore, we also show that FEMA aid acts as a liquidity buffer to other forms of emergency credit, specifically we find that both transactions volumes and defaults decrease during hurricane events in locations that do receive FEMA aid. This effect largely reverses in areas that do not receive FEMA aid, where the magnitude of transaction volumes drop by less and default rates remain similar relative to the baseline. Overall, this suggests that the availability of emergency liquidity during natural disaster events is indeed a binding constraint with real household financial consequences, in particular through our documented channel of evictions and in usage of high-cost credit.

Date: 2025-05, Revised 2025-07
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