Training Neural Networks Embedded in Dynamic Discrete Choice Models

Ecenur Oguz and Robert L. Bray

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Abstract: We develop the first general-purpose estimator for infinite-horizon dynamic discrete choice models whose estimation problem, after pre-computation, is unencumbered by large systems of linear equations -- either imposed as constraints, or embedded in the objective function. Our unnested fixed point (UFXP) and optimal unnested fixed point (OUFXP) estimators exploit a dual representation of Bellman's equation to separate the utility parameters from the dynamic programming fixed point. We establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of UFXP and OUFXP, as well as the efficiency of the latter. Our estimators enable researchers to model utility functions non-parametrically via flexible neural-network approximations.

Date: 2026-04
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dcm, nep-ecm and nep-upt
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