Understanding the Mechanism of Altruism in Large Language Models

Shuhuai Zhang, Shu Wang, Zijun Yao, Chuanhao Li, Xiaozhi Wang, Songfa Zhong and Tracy Xiao Liu

Papers from arXiv.org

Abstract: Altruism is fundamental to human societies, fostering cooperation and social cohesion. While recent studies suggest that large language models (LLMs) can display human-like prosocial behavior, the underlying mechanism that produces such behavior remains unclear. We leverage sparse autoencoders (SAEs) to identify a set of features that contribute to an LLM's altruistic choices in the Dictator Game. We show that intervening on these features substantially shifts the model's allocations and produces similar effects in several other social decision scenarios. Together, these results link the model's prosocial output to internal features that can be identified and causally manipulated, providing a transparent approach to studying the computational basis of decision-making in LLMs.

Date: 2026-04, Revised 2026-10
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ain, nep-big, nep-cmp, nep-evo, nep-exp and nep-neu
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