Heterogeneous Policy Effects in Comparative Case Studies with Treated-Unit Microdata

Carl Bonander

Papers from arXiv.org

Abstract: Policy reforms are sometimes accompanied by detailed individual-level data in the implementing jurisdiction, while only aggregate outcomes are available for potential comparison jurisdictions. This article develops an identification framework for heterogeneous policy effects when individual-level data are unavailable for the comparison units. The framework combines treatment-effect contrasts from difference-in-differences comparisons within the treated jurisdiction with a compatible population-average effect identified from aggregate panel data. Identification requires relative parallel trends within the treated jurisdiction together with the assumptions needed to identify the population-average effect from the aggregate panel. The within-jurisdiction component can be estimated from repeated cross-sections with a single pretreatment period.

Date: 2026-09
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