Discussion Papers

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23-9: A Review of the Bank of Canada’s Support of Key Financial Markets During the COVID-19 Crisis

Joshua Fernandes and Thomas Mueller

23-8: Turning Words into Numbers: Measuring News Media Coverage of Shortages

Lin Chen and Stephanie Houle

23-7: What consistent responses on future inflation by consumers can reveal

Sarah Miller and Patrick Sabourin

23-6: A Review of the Bank of Canada’s Market Operations related to COVID-19

Grahame Johnson

23-5: The Canadian Neutral Rate of Interest through the Lens of an Overlapping-Generations Model

Martin Kuncl and Dmitry Matveev

23-4: Central Bank Digital Currencies and Banking: Literature Review and New Questions

James Chapman, Jonathan Chiu, S. Mohammad R. Davoodalhosseini, Janet Hua Jiang, Francisco Rivadeneyra and Yu Zhu

23-3: The 2021–22 Surge in Inflation

Oleksiy Kryvtsov, James (Jim) MacGee and Luis Uzeda

23-2: Summaries of Central Bank Policy Deliberations: A Canadian Context

Monica Jain, Walter Muiruri, Jonathan Witmer, Sharon Kozicki and Jeremy Harrison

23-1: The 2021–22 Merchant Acceptance Survey Pilot Study

Angelika Welte and Joy Wu

22-23: 2021 Methods-of-Payment Survey Report

Christopher Henry, Matthew Shimoda and Julia Zhu

22-22: Financial Constraints and Corporate Investment in China

Kun Mo and Michel Soudan

22-21: The Relative Benefits and Risks of Stablecoins as a Means of Payment: A Case Study Perspective

Annetta Ho, Sriram Darbha, Yuliya Gorelkina and Alejandro Garcia

22-20: Stablecoins and Their Risks to Financial Stability

Cameron MacDonald and Laura Zhao

22-19: Calculating Effective Degrees of Freedom for Forecast Combinations and Ensemble Models

James Younker

22-18: COVID and Financial Stability: Practice Ahead of Theory

Jing Yang, Hélène Desgagnés, Grzegorz Halaj and Yaz Terajima

22-17: Cash, COVID-19 and the Prospects for a Canadian Digital Dollar

Walter Engert and Kim Huynh

22-16: Income Inequality in Canada

Sarah Burkinshaw, Yaz Terajima and Carolyn A. Wilkins

22-15: Canadians’ Access to Cash Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Heng Chen and Marie-Helene Felt

22-14: The Business Leaders’ Pulse—An Online Business Survey

Tony Chernis, Chris D'Souza, Kevin MacLean, Tasha Reader, Joshua Slive and Farrukh Suvankulov

22-13: Settlement Balances Deconstructed

Parnell Chu, Grahame Johnson, Scott Kinnear, Karen McGuinness and Matthew McNeely

22-12: Nowcasting Canadian GDP with Density Combinations

Tony Chernis and Walter Engert

22-11: Identifying Financially Remote First Nations Reserves

Heng Chen, Walter Engert, Kim Huynh and Daneal O’Habib

22-10: Bitcoin Awareness, Ownership and Use: 2016–20

Daniela Balutel, Marie-Helene Felt, Gradon Nicholls and Marcel Voia

22-9: Uncertainty and Monetary Policy Experimentation: Empirical Challenges and Insights from Academic Literature

Matteo Cacciatore, Dmitry Matveev and Rodrigo Sekkel

22-8: Cash and COVID-19: What happened in 2021

Heng Chen, Walter Engert, Kim Huynh, Daneal O’Habib, Joy Wu and Julia Zhu

22-7: Contribution of Human Capital Accumulation to Canadian Economic Growth

Audra Bowlus, Youngmin Park and Chris Robinson

22-6: Real Exchange Rate Decompositions

Bruno Feunou, Jean-Sebastien Fontaine and Ingomar Krohn

22-5: COVID-19, Containment and Consumption

Tatjana Dahlhaus, Daniel Hyun, Antoine Poulin-Moore, Jaime Trujillo, Saarah Sheikh and Benjamin Straus

22-4: A Horse Race of Alternative Monetary Policy Regimes Under Bounded Rationality

Joel Wagner, Tudor Schlanger and Yang Zhang

22-3: Payment Coordination and Liquidity Efficiency in the New Canadian Wholesale Payments System

Francisco Rivadeneyra and Yinan Nellie Zhang

22-2: Heterogeneity and Monetary Policy: A Thematic Review

Felipe Alves, Christian Bustamante, Xing Guo, Katya Kartashova, Soyoung Lee, Thomas Michael Pugh, Kurt See, Yaz Terajima and Alexander Ueberfeldt

22-1: Transition Scenarios for Analyzing Climate-Related Financial Risk

Y.-H. Henry Chen, Erik Ens, Olivier Gervais, Hossein Mirshojaeian Hosseini, Craig Johnston, Serdar Kabaca, Miguel Molico, Sergey Paltsev, Alex Proulx and Argyn Toktamyssov

21-17: Revisiting the Monetary Sovereignty Rationale for CBDCs

Skylar Brooks

21-16: Updated Methodology for Assigning Credit Ratings to Sovereigns

Karim McDaniels, Nico Palesch, Sanjam Suri, Zacharie Quiviger and John Walsh

21-15: Assessing Labour Market Slack for Monetary Policy

Erik Ens, Laurence Savoie-Chabot, Kurt See and Shu Wee

21-14: Rising US LNG Exports and Global Natural Gas Price Convergence

Robert Ialenti

21-13: The Bank of Canada’s “Horse Race” of Alternative Monetary Policy Frameworks: Some Interim Results from Model Simulations

José Dorich, Rhys Mendes and Yang Zhang

21-12: Cash and COVID-19: The impact of the second wave in Canada

Heng Chen, Walter Engert, Marie-Helene Felt, Kim Huynh, Gradon Nicholls, Daneal O'Habib and Julia Zhu

21-11: The Positive Case for a CBDC

Andrew Usher, Edona Reshidi, Francisco Rivadeneyra and Scott Hendry

21-10: Sequencing Extended Monetary Policies at the Effective Lower Bound

Yang Zhang, Lena Suchanek, Jonathan Swarbrick, Joel Wagner and Tudor Schlanger

21-9: Measuring and Evaluating Strategic Communications at the Bank of Canada

Annie Portelance

21-8: An Exploration of First Nations Reserves and Access to Cash

Heng Chen, Walter Engert, Kim Huynh and Daneal O’Habib

21-7: Adoption of digital technologies: Insights from a global survey initiative

James Fudurich, Lena Suchanek and Lise Pichette

21-6: Stablecoin Assessment Framework

Alejandro Garcia, Bena Lands and Dennis Yanchus

21-5: Occasionally Binding Constraints in Large Models: A Review of Solution Methods

Jonathan Swarbrick

21-4: Complementarities Between Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy—Literature Review

Wei Dong, Geoffrey Dunbar, Christian Friedrich, Dmitry Matveev, Romanos Priftis and Lin Shao

21-3: Cash and COVID-19: The Effects of Lifting Containment Measures on Cash Demand and Use

Heng Chen, Walter Engert, Kim Huynh, Gradon Nicholls and Julia Zhu

21-2: COVID-19 Crisis: Lessons Learned for Future Policy Research

Jean-Sebastien Fontaine, Corey Garriott, Jesse Johal, Jessica Lee and Andreas Uthemann

21-1: Qualitative Field Research in Monetary Policy Making

Chris D'Souza and Jane Voll

20-16: Implementation and Effectiveness of Extended Monetary Policy Tools: Lessons from the Literature

Grahame Johnson, Sharon Kozicki, Romanos Priftis, Lena Suchanek, Jonathan Witmer and Jing Yang