Immigrant Earnings Assimilation, 1981–2021: Working Paper 2026-04

Randall Akee, Jimmy Chin and Daniel Crown

No 62261, Working Papers from Congressional Budget Office

Abstract: In this paper, we characterize trends in the earnings assimilation of immigrant workers from 1981 to 2021. We use administrative longitudinal data that contain the earnings of workers beginning in their first year of residence in the United States and in each year thereafter, allowing us to identify immigrants who eventually leave the United States (referred to here as return migrants). We use those data to produce the first examination of trends in earnings assimilation over a 41-year period and to estimate earnings assimilation separately for return migrants versus those

JEL-codes: F22 J15 J31 J61 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026-04-28
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