Minimum Wages and the Rise of the Robots

Erik Brynjolfsson, J. Frank Li, Javier Miranda, Robert Seamans and Andrew Wang

Working Papers from U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies

Abstract: This paper studies how minimum wage policy affects firms’ adoption of automation technologies. Using both state-level measures of robot exposure and novel plant-level data on industrial robot imports linked to U.S. Census microdata from 1992–2021, we show that increases in minimum wages raise the likelihood of robot adoption in manufacturing. Our preferred identification exploits discontinuities at state borders, comparing otherwise similar firms exposed to different wage floors. Across specifications, a 10 percent increase in the minimum wage increases robot adoption by roughly 8 percent relative to the mean.

Keywords: automation; minimum wage; manufacturing; robots (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J38 O33 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026-07
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https://www2.census.gov/library/working-papers/2026/adrm/ces/CES-WP-26-42.pdf First version, 2026 (application/pdf)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:cen:wpaper:26-42

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