Female Employment and Fertility - The Effects of Rising Female Wages

Christian Siegel

CEP Discussion Papers from Centre for Economic Performance, LSE

Abstract: Increases in female employment and falling fertility rates have often been linked to rising female wages. However, over the last 30 years the US total fertility rate has been fairly stable while female wages have continued to grow. Over the same period, we observe that women's hours spent on housework have declined, but men's have increased. I propose a model with a shrinking gender wage gap that can capture these trends. While rising relative wages tend to increase women's labor supply and, due to higher opportunity cost, lower fertility, they also lead to a partial reallocation of home production from women to men, and a higher use of labor-saving inputs into home production. I find that both these trends are important in understanding why fertility did not decline to even lower levels. As the gender wage gap declines, a father's time at home becomes more important for raising children. When the disutilities from working in the market and at home are imperfect substitutes, fertility can stabilize, after an initial decline, in times of increasing female market labor. That parents can acquire more market inputs into child care is what I find important in matching the timing of fertility. In a mode l extension, I show that the results are robust to intrahousehold bargaining.

Keywords: Fertility; female labor supply; household production; intrahousehold allocations (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D13 E24 J13 J22 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012-07
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dem, nep-lab and nep-lma
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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Related works:
Working Paper: Female Employment and Fertility: The Effects of Rising Female Wages (2013)
Working Paper: Female employment and fertility - the effects of rising female wages (2012)
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