The Separation and Reunification of Germany: Rethinking a Natural Experiment Interpretation of the Enduring Effects of Communis

Becker, Sascha; Mergele, Lukas; Woessmann, Ludger

The Separation and Reunification of Germany: Rethinking a Natural Experiment Interpretation of the Enduring Effects of Communis

Sascha Becker, Lukas Mergele and Ludger Woessmann

No 14470, CEPR Discussion Papers from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers

Abstract: German separation in 1949 into a communist East and a capitalist West and their reunification in 1990 are commonly described as a natural experiment to study the enduring effects of communism. We show in three steps that the populations in East and West Germany were far from being randomly selected treatment and control groups. First, the later border is already visible in many socio-economic characteristics in pre-World War II data. Second, World War II and the subsequent occupying forces affected East and West differently. Third, a selective fifth of the population fled from East to West Germany before the building of the Wall in 1961. In light of our findings, we propose a more cautious interpretation of the extensive literature on the enduring effects of communist systems on economic outcomes, political preferences, cultural traits, and gender roles.

Keywords: Political systems; Communism; Preferences; Culture; Germany (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D72 H11 N44 P26 P36 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020-03
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-his
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (72)

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