Not an ordinary bank but a great engine of state: the bank of England and the British economy, 1694-1844

Patrick O'Brien and Nuno Palma

No 15400, CEPR Discussion Papers from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers

Abstract: From its foundation as a private corporation in 1694 the Bank of England extended large amounts of credit to support the British private economy and to support an increasingly centralized British state. The Bank helped the British state reach a position of geopolitical and economic hegemony in the international economic order. In this paper we deploy recalibrated financial data to analyse an evolving trajectory of connexions between the British economy, the state, and the Bank of England. We show how these connections contributed to form an effective and efficient fiscal-naval state and promoted the development of a system of financial intermediation for the economy. This symbiotic relationship became stronger after 1793. The evidence that we consider here shows that although the Bank was nominally a private institution and profits were paid to its shareholders, it was playing a public role well before Bagehot’s doctrine

Keywords: Bank of england; State-building institutions; National defence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: H41 N13 N23 N43 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022-07
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-fdg and nep-his
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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Related works:
Journal Article: Not an ordinary bank but a great engine of state: The Bank of England and the British economy, 1694–1844 (2023)
Working Paper: Not an ordinary bank but a great engine of state: the Bank of England and the British economy, 1694–1844 (2023)
Working Paper: Not an ordinary bank but a great engine of state: The Bank of England and the British economy, 1694-1844 (2020)
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