The United States of Europe: A gravity model evaluation of the four freedoms
Thierry Mayer and
Keith Head
No 15982, CEPR Discussion Papers from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
Abstract:
One of the pillars of the 1957 Treaty of Rome that ultimately led to the European Union is the commitment to the four freedoms of movement (goods, services, persons, and capital). Over the following decades, as the members expanded in numbers, they also sought to deepen the integration between themselves in all four dimensions. This paper estimates the success of these policies based primarily on a gravity framework. Distinct from past evaluations, we augment the traditional equation for international flows with the corresponding intra-national flows, permitting us to distinguish welfare-improving reductions in frictions from Fortress Europe effects. We complement the gravity approach by measuring the extent of price convergence. We compare both quantity and price assessments of free movement with corresponding estimates for the 50 American states.
Date: 2021-03
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:
Downloads: (external link)
https://cepr.org/publications/DP15982 (application/pdf)
CEPR Discussion Papers are free to download for our researchers, subscribers and members. If you fall into one of these categories but have trouble downloading our papers, please contact us at subscribers@cepr.org
Related works:
Journal Article: The United States of Europe: A Gravity Model Evaluation of the Four Freedoms (2021) 
Working Paper: The United States of Europe: A Gravity Model Evaluation of the Four Freedoms (2021) 
Working Paper: The United States of Europe: A Gravity Model Evaluation of the Four Freedoms (2021) 
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX
RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan)
HTML/Text
Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15982
Ordering information: This working paper can be ordered from
https://cepr.org/publications/DP15982
Access Statistics for this paper
More papers in CEPR Discussion Papers from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers Centre for Economic Policy Research, 33 Great Sutton Street, London EC1V 0DX.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by ().