Religious Barriers to Birth Control Access

Olivier Marie and Esmee Zwiers

No 17427, CEPR Discussion Papers from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers

Abstract: We investigate how the benefits from oral contraceptive liberalization may not have been universally distributed across women because of demand- and supply-side religious frictions. First, we show how minors from more religiously conservative areas in the Netherlands were less likely to benefit from gaining legal pill access in 1970. We then document how the large effects we find on delayed fertility/marriage decisions and on human capital accumulation were eliminated by supply-side moral barriers to access. Women in liberal areas with more gatekeepers—general practitioners and pharmacists—who were opposed the Pill on religious grounds did not benefit from its legalization.

Keywords: Birth control; Religion; Fertility; Marriage; Human capital; The netherlands (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I18 J12 J13 Z12 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022-07
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