The Deep Roots of Vaccine Hesitancy in Germany: The 19th-Century Naturopathic Movement

Christine Binzel and Andreas Link

No 18109, CEPR Discussion Papers from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers

Abstract: This paper studies the historical roots of vaccine hesitancy in the context of Germany. Using digitized data on the existence of naturopathic associations in Germany in the year 1900, we first show that counties with a large number of naturopathic associations in 1900 were disproportionally located in East Germany. Furthermore, counties with a higher number of naturopathic associations in 1900 have significantly lower COVID-19 vaccination rates today. Our IV estimates suggest that the long-term effects of the naturopathic movement can explain about half of the East–West gap in COVID-19 vaccination rates.

Keywords: Persistence; COVID-19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I10 N33 P25 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023-04
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