Empowerment or Indoctrination? Female Training Programs under Dictatorship

González, Felipe, Mounu Prem and Cristine von Dessauer

No 20642, CEPR Discussion Papers from Centre for Economic Policy Research

Abstract: Autocrats often control social organizations to spread their ideology. We examine the Pinochet dictatorship in Chile (1973–1990), where conservative military forces controlled female social organizations to promote traditional roles for women as mothers and housewives. Partnering with higher education institutions, the dictatorship delivered training programs aimed at fostering domestic skills. Our findings reveal these programs facilitated women's entry into the labor market without changing their political views. Decades later, these programs are still linked to higher female labor force participation among women directly exposed during the dictatorship and their daughters raised in democracy.

Date: 2025-09
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