Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions Over Geography and Integration in Economic Development

Dani Rodrik, Arvind Subramanian and Francesco Trebbi

No 3643, CEPR Discussion Papers from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers

Abstract: We estimate the respective contributions of institutions, geography, and trade in determining income levels around the world, using recently developed instruments for institutions and trade. Our results indicate that the quality of institutions 'trumps' everything else. Once institutions are controlled for, measures of geography have at best weak direct effects on incomes, although they have a strong indirect effect by influencing the quality of institutions. Similarly, once institutions are controlled for, trade is almost always insignificant, and often enters the income equation with the 'wrong' (i.e. negative) sign, although trade too has a positive effect on institutional quality. We relate our results to recent literature, and where differences exist, trace their origins to choices on samples, specification, and instrumentation.

Keywords: Economic growth; Development; Trade; Institutions; Geography (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O10 O40 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2002-11
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dev
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (587)

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Related works:
Journal Article: Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions Over Geography and Integration in Economic Development (2004)
Working Paper: Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development (2002)
Working Paper: Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development (2002)
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