Widening and Deepening: Reforming the European Union

Berglöf, Erik, Guido Friebel (), Mike Burkart and Elena Paltseva
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: Erik Berglof

No 6672, CEPR Discussion Papers from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers

Abstract: This short paper analyses the tension between "widening" and "deepening" of organizations such as the European Union. Members have the same consumption benefit of reform but weak and strong members differ in their cost of exerting reform efforts. As decisions are taken by unanimity, the reform level is determined by the weakest member. However, strong members can coerce weak members to exert more effort by threatening to form a "club-in-the-club". Widening (bringing in additional members into the Union) can have different effects on deepening (more reform effort). When a new member is stronger than the weakest incumbent member, deepening and widening are complements, that is, the Union-wide reform efforts increase. When a new member is weaker, deepening and widening can be substitutes, and the reform efforts in the Union may fall. Our analysis helps to understand the history of the EU treaties, in particular the differences between enlargement waves such as the Northern vs. the Eastern Enlargement. It also rationalizes the general move from unanimity voting to different types of majority.

Keywords: Club-in-the-club; Reform; Resistance to change; Unanimity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D71 D72 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2008-02
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-eec
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (9)

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Related works:
Journal Article: Widening and Deepening: Reforming the European Union (2008)
Working Paper: Widening and deepening: reforming the European Union (2008)
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