Immigration Restrictions and Natives’ Intergenerational Mobility: Evidence from the 1920s US Quota Acts

James Feigenbaum, Yi-Ju Hung, Marco Tabellini and Monia Tomasella

No 26037, RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series from ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin)

Abstract: We study the effects of immigration restrictions on the intergenerational mobility of US-born men in the United States. We link US-born sons observed in 1900, 1920, and 1940 full-count Censuses to their fathers, and construct a measure of county-level exposure to the 1920s immigration acts, which sharply curtailed immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. Exploiting this policy-induced variation, we find that the quotas reduced intergenerational mobility among US-born white men, but had no adverse effect for Black men. Among whites, losses were smaller for sons of richer fathers, who were more likely to migrate away from highly exposed areas. Evidence from the 1940 Census indicates that exposed white men were less likely to be employed and earned lower wages in adulthood, consistent with both occupational downgrading and reduced productivity within occupations. We show that these effects operated through both reduced immigrant-native complementarities and incomplete substitution from unrestricted migration, while human capital investment can explain at most only a modest part of the total effect.

Keywords: Immigration; immigration restrictions; intergenerational mobility (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J15 J62 K37 N32 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026-01
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Working Paper: Immigration Restrictions and Natives' Intergenerational Mobility: Evidence from the 1920s US Quota Acts (2026)
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