Childhood Exposure to Violence and Nurturing Relationships: The Long-Run Effects on Black Men

Dionissi Aliprantis and Kristen Tauber

No 23-16, Working Papers from Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland

Abstract: Black men who witnessed a shooting before turning 12 have household earnings as adults 31 percent lower than those who did not. We present evidence that this gap is causal and is most likely the result of toxic stress; it is not mediated by incarceration and is constant across neighborhood socioeconomic status. Turning to mechanisms related to toxic stress, we study exposure to violence and nurturing relationships during adolescence. Item-anchored indexes synthesize variables on these treatments better than summing positive responses, Item Response Theory, or Principal Components, which all perform similarly. Providing adolescents with nurturing relationships is almost as beneficial as preventing their exposure to violence.

Keywords: Interpersonal Violence; Code of the Street; Toxic Stress; Nurturing Relationship; Race; Neighborhood Effect (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: H40 I38 J15 J24 R23 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 63
Date: 2023-07-12
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dem and nep-ure
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202316 Persistent Link (text/html)
https://www.clevelandfed.org/-/media/project/cleve ... ng-relationships.pdf Full Text (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:fip:fedcwq:96469

Ordering information: This working paper can be ordered from

DOI: 10.26509/frbc-wp-202316

Access Statistics for this paper

More papers in Working Papers from Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by 4D Library ().