Economic Polarization in the European Union: Development Models in the Race for the Best Location

Jonas Dominy (), Claudius Graebner-Radkowitsch (), Jakob Kapeller and Philipp Heimberger
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Jonas Dominy: Institute for Socio-Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Claudius Graebner-Radkowitsch: Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: Claudius Gräbner-Radkowitsch

No 159, ICAE Working Papers from Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy

Abstract: This paper analyzes developmental trajectories in the EU. In doing so, it diagnoses economic polarization on two different levels: for one, we observe a divergence of average incomes across EU countries as a persistent empirical feature associated with European integration. For another, European economic integration in general and the introduction of the Euro in particular are associated with the emergence of heterogeneous developmental trajectories, which build on, and intensify differences in technological capabilities, institutional and legal setups, as well as labor market characteristics. When clustering countries with reference to similarities in terms of macroeconomic and institutional characteristics across countries, we find evidence for the existence of four distinct development models: core, periphery, and workbench economies, as well as financial hubs. Each of these groups is defined by distinct technological, institutional, and macroeconomic characteristics. Our findings point to suitable ways for extending and refining existing typological approaches, such as the Varieties of Capitalism or the growth model approach, thereby allowing us to better account for the heterogeneity of developmental pathways emerging in the course of an intensifying European race for the best location.

Date: 2025-02
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Working Paper: Economic polarization in the European Union: Development models in the race for the best location (2025)
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