Smiling is a Costly Signal of Cooperation Opportunities: Experimental Evidence from a Trust Game

Samuele Centorrino, Elodie Djemai, Astrid Hopfensitz, Manfred Milinski and Paul Seabright

No 669, IDEI Working Papers from Institut d'Économie Industrielle (IDEI), Toulouse

Abstract: We test the hypothesis that "genuine" or "convincing" smiling is a costly signal that has evolved to induce cooperation in situations requiring mutual trust. Potential trustees in a trust game made video clips for viewing by potential trusters before the latter decided whether to send them money. Ratings of the genuineness of smiles vary across clips; it is difficult to make convincing smiles to order. We argue that smiling convincingly is costly, because smiles from trustees playing for higher stakes are rated as significantly more convincing, so that rewards appear to induce effort. We show that it induces cooperation: smiles rated as more convincing strongly predict judgments about the trustworthiness of trustees, and willingness to send them money. Finally, we show that it is a honest signal: those smiling convincingly return more money on average to senders. Convincing smiles are to some extent a signal of the intrinsic character of trustees: less honest individuals find smiling convincingly more difficult. They are also informative about the greater amounts that trustees playing for higher stakes have available to share: it is harder to smile convincingly if you have less to offer.

Date: 2011-04
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cbe, nep-evo, nep-exp and nep-soc
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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Related works:
Working Paper: Smiling is a Costly Signal of Cooperation Opportunities: Experimental Evidence from a Trust Game (2011)
Working Paper: Smiling is a Costly Signal of Cooperation Opportunities: Experimental Evidence from a Trust Game (2011)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ide:wpaper:24350

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