Housing investment needs in the EU

Despoina Balouktsi (), Elisabeth Joossens (), Julia Le Blanc () and Andrea Pagano ()
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Despoina Balouktsi: European Commission - JRC, https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/index_en
Elisabeth Joossens: European Commission - JRC, https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/index_en
Julia Le Blanc: European Commission - JRC, https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/index_en
Andrea Pagano: European Commission - JRC, https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/index_en

No JRC144419, JRC Research Reports from Joint Research Centre

Abstract: Housing affordability has become a pressing policy concern across the European Union, driven by rising costs and persistent demographic change. This report provides harmonised estimates of housing investment needs for all EU Member States using a common, bottom-up analytical framework that captures demand and supply dynamics at the NUTS 3 level. It identifies where gaps between household numbers and dwelling stock have emerged and quantifies the additional investment required to close them across the EU until 2035. The analysis demonstrates that housing needs are concentrated in a limited number of high-demand metropolitan and urban regions, with approximately two-thirds of total EU investment needs originating in Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. The findings are directly relevant to the European Affordable Housing Plan and support evidence-based targeting of housing investment across the Union.

Date: 2026-05
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